D–F

Counter-Anchoring – Responding to an extreme anchor by proposing a more reasonable, balanced counteroffer.

Decoy Effect – Introducing an unattractive option to make another choice appear more desirable.

Door-in-the-Face – Starting negotiations with an extreme request, then following up with a smaller, more reasonable ask.

Early Neutral Evaluation – An early, unbiased assessment by an expert to forecast negotiation outcomes, encouraging realistic settlements.

Escalation Clause – Agreement terms specifying adjustments if certain predefined conditions (such as price matching) are met.

Expanding the Pie – Identifying new value-creating opportunities to benefit all negotiation parties.

Fait Accompli – Presenting terms as already decided to pressure the other party into accepting them without negotiation.

Flinch, The – Reacting visibly with shock or surprise to an offer to signal it's unacceptable, encouraging concessions.

Foot-in-the-Door – Starting with a small, easily accepted request before proposing larger requests.

Fractionating Complex Issues – Breaking large, complex issues into smaller, more manageable parts to facilitate agreement.

Framing – Shaping information presentation to influence perceptions and decisions.